Shallow water effect of tandem flapping foils on renewable energy production
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Studies about the flapping foil hydrokinetics turbines, as a new method to extract energy from incoming flow field, have recently increased significantly. Studies on the effect of shallow water conditions on the performance of the turbine have not been seen so far. This study investigates the effect of working environment on the performance of flapping foil hydrokinetic turbine. The unsteady and incompressible flow around two flapping foils in tandem operate in shallow water is simulated using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) method. The results of shallow water conditions are compared with deep-water case. It is observed that the shallow water condition heavily affects the performance of the system and the total efficiency decreases considerably. Particularly, when the kinematic parameters are optimum for performance, the total power extraction efficiency of the system for h0 = 6c, h0 = 3c and h0 = 1.5c has a reduction of 7.24, 8.5, and 10.14%, respectively, compared with deep-water case. The interaction between the boundary layer of the sea floor and the flapping foils was found to be the main factor of efficiency reduction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".