Sugar maple decline and lessons learned about Allegheny Plateau soils and landscapes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) decline was a major forest health challenge in northern Pennsylvania starting in the mid- to late 1980s and continued through the mid-1990s. During this time sugar maple suffered extensive crown dieback and rapid mortality, primarily on the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau in northwestern and north-central Pennsylvania (Drohan et al. 2002, Horsley et al. 2000). Declining trees exhibited a slow loss of vigor and increased fine twig dieback, which was followed by large branch mortality. This frequently ended in tree death (Kolb and McCormick 1993). Surveys conducted as part of the North American Maple Project found sugar maple healthy in most parts of its range, though declines in Quebec were noted in the mid- and late 1980s (Allen et al. 1992, 1995, 1999). In northern Pennsylvania a series of stressors, which included insect defoliators and extreme drought, played a significant role in accelerating crown dieback and mortality.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".