Glucose release from lentil flours digested in vitro: The role of particle size
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background and objectives Regular intake of pulses has been shown to offer numerous health benefits, including improved glycemic control. The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro carbohydrate digestion rate of raw, baked, and moist‐heat cooked lentil flours of varying particle sizes: coarse (710–1,190 μm), regular (355–710 μm), fine (180–355 μm), very fine (80–180 μm), and superfine (<80 μm) over 180 min using the Englyst method. Findings There was an effect of particle size ( p < .05), time ( p < .05), and a particle size‐by‐time interaction ( p < .05) on glucose release in raw, baked, and moist‐heat cooked lentils flours digested in vitro over 180 min. The magnitude of glucose release was lower for the coarse compared to finer grinds ( p < .05) in raw, baked, and moist‐heat cooked samples and could be attributed to the lower starch damage, lower amounts of available carbohydrates, and higher amounts of resistant starch. Conclusions The larger particle size of lentil flour is associated with reduced glucose release upon simulated gastrointestinal digestion which was partially retained after baking or moist‐heat cooking. Significance and novelty This is the first study demonstrating that lentil flours varying in their average particle sizes have distinct content of resistant and available carbohydrates that may predict their glycemic properties.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".