Serum apoA1 (Apolipoprotein A-1), Insulin Resistance, and the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Human Pregnancy—Brief Report
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: apoA1 (apolipoprotein A-1) is the main lipoprotein associated with HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol. It was recently reported that intravenous infusion of apoA1 could lower insulin resistance in pregnant rats, leading to the suggestion that apoA1 could provide a target for reducing pregnancy-induced insulin resistance and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in humans. However, the effects of apoA1 on insulin resistance and risk of GDM in human pregnancy are not known. Thus, we sought to systematically evaluate the relationships of apoA1 with glucose homeostasis and metabolic function in pregnant women. Approach and Results: In this study, 870 pregnant women were recruited in late second trimester and underwent metabolic characterization, including an oral glucose tolerance test on which 214 were diagnosed with GDM. Metabolic characterization included assessment of glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity/resistance (Matsuda index, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance), pancreatic β-cell function, lipids (LDL [low-density lipoprotein] cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, apoB [apolipoprotein B], and apoA1), CRP (C-reactive protein), and adiponectin. Serum apoA1 was strongly correlated with HDL (r=0.79, P <0.0001) and weakly so with adiponectin (r=0.12, P =0.0004) but showed no association with measures of insulin sensitivity/resistance, β-cell function, glycemia, or CRP. There were no significant differences across apoA1 tertiles in mean adjusted Matsuda index ( P =0.24), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ( P =0.08), or area under the glucose curve on the oral glucose tolerance test ( P =0.96). Moreover, there were no differences in risk of GDM across tertiles of apoA1, both before ( P =0.67) and after covariate adjustment ( P =0.78). Conclusions: Serum apoA1 is not associated with insulin resistance or the risk of GDM in human pregnancy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".