Efficacy of Itopride Hydrochloride on Gastric Emptying in Patients with Diabetic Gastroparesis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: Gastroparesis is a chronic disorder defined by delayed gastric emptying. Clinical symptoms include nausea, vomiting, bloating, and postprandial abdominal fullness. AIMS: To evaluate the effects of itopride hydrochloride (ITOPRIDE) on electrical gastrography and gastric emptying in non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients diagnosed with gastroparesis. Methods: 12 NIDDM patients were selected on the basis of having a reduction in vibration sensation in the lower leg and low nerve impulse transmission velocity. Itopride (150 mg/day) was administered orally for two weeks. Electrical gastrography measurements using a Digitrapper electrogastrogram and gastric emptying tests were performed following ingestion of a meal together with a capsule of SITZMARKS™ radiopaque markers. Results: At baseline, pre-prandial electrical gastrography measurements revealed a dominant frequency of 58.1%. Following ITOPRIDE administration for 2 weeks, the dominant frequency showed a significant increase to 72.9%. Post-prandial electrical gastrography measurements prior to ITOPRIDE administration showed a dominant frequency of only 41.7%. Thereafter, ITOPRIDE administration revealed a significant increase to 71.4%. Gastric emptying of SITZMARKS prior to ITOPRIDE administration revealed that the bolus of radiopaque markers emptied from the stomach after 2 hours of ingestion was only of 5%. Following a 2-week ITOPRIDE administration, gastric emptying of radiopaque markers was significantly increased to 24%. Finally, acetaminophen blood concentrations measured 1 hour post-prandial showed a significant increase from 9.7ug/mL to 14.0ug/mL following ITOPRIDE administration. Conclusions: For both pre- and post-prandial periods, administration of ITOPRIDE resulted in a significant increase in the dominant frequency measurements thereby indicating a clear improvement in gastric emptying. Thus, ITOPRIDE appears to be effective in NIDDM patients. Based on these results, additional controlled trials using ITOPRIDE will be needed to fully assess its implication for the treatment of diabetic gastroparesis.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".