Male Gender and Ulcerative Colitis Disease Extent May Be Predictive Factors in the Development of Abnormal Hepatic Biochemistry in Inflamatory Bowel Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: The relationship between abnormal hepatic biochemistry and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) remains unclear and literature on population prevalence is limited. We aimed to study the prevalence of abnormal hepatic biochemistries in a cohort of UK IBD patients and compared patients with normal and abnormal biochemistries within this group. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using hospital records in a cohort of IBD patients followed at our institution over a 24-month period. Only patients that met pre-defined diagnostic criteria based on symptoms, endoscopic appearances, radiological and histopathological features for either Crohn's Disease or Ulcerative colitis were included (n=222, mean (±SEM) 41 (±1) years, 118 male). All patients had hepatic biochemistry data available. Disease phenotypes were recorded according to Montreal Classification. Abnormal hepatic biochemistries were defined by any degree of elevation of serum AST, ALT and/or ALP above the upper limit of normal. Demographics and disease specific parameters were compared statistically between patients with normal vs. abnormal hepatic biochemistry using Chi2 and Student's T-test. Results: The prevalence of abnormal hepatic biochemistry was 80/222 (36%) in this cohort. Significant associations were noted with both male gender (p=0.04) and pan colitis in the ulcerative colitis sub-group of patients (p=0.02) and abnormal hepatic biochemistry. However, there were no significant differences in patient age (p=0.14), disease sub-types (Crohn's or Ulcerative Colitis) p=0.77, Crohn's disease extent (p=0.72), medications used (5-ASA p=0.62, Thiopurines p=0.71 or Biologics p=0.54) or disease activities (high, low or no activity, p=0.37) between the two groups. Conclusion: Abnormal hepatic biochemistry in IBD patients is common. Its prevalence in our UK-based IBD population is similar to that previously reported in North America1. Our data also suggests male gender and extensive ulcerative colitis may be independent risk factors for developing abnormal hepatic biochemistry. Further research is needed in prospective cohorts to study the association and relevance of these findings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".