The Economic Burden of Non-Diarrhea-Predominant IBS in Canada Based on the LOGIC Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: To estimate the Canadian burden of illness costs of irritable bowel syndrome using data from the “Longitudinal Outcomes study of GastroIntestinal symptoms (abdominal pain, bloating, constipation) in Canada (LOGIC)”. Methods: The LOGIC study followed a total of 1556 subjects for 12 months. Patients were 18 years or older, with abdominal pain/discomfort (associated with altered bowel habits) and with one or more of the following symptoms: a) Abdominal pain/discomfort; b) Bloating c) Constipation or alternating between constipation and diarrhea. Patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS, those with organic disease of the GI tract, with evidence of structural abnormality of the GI tract or with conditions that could affect bowel transit were not eligible. Resource utilization under conditions of routine clinical care was collected for 12 months. Model-based estimates of Canada-wide costs assumed IBS prevalence of 13.1% and that only 40% of those with IBS will seek medical care. Resources were valued based on 2004 Canadian Dollars. Results: Subjects in LOGIC (i.e., representing those who sought medical care) spent $1963 per year on direct medical and medication costs, comprising $1180 (direct: physician & specialist and emergency room visits plus hospitalization and procedures), $380 for prescriptions and $403 for non-prescription medications for IBS. After accounting for those with IBS who do not seek medical care, this corresponds to an annual cost of $4.3 billion associated with the treatment of IBS in Canada ($2.0 billion direct costs, $636 million Rx, $1.7 billion non-Rx). Conclusion: These estimates of the economic burden based on the Canadian LOGIC study are derived from a population excluding diarrhea-predominant IBS and are higher than those reported for all IBS in the US, but are consistent with costs previously reported for IBS in Germany and earlier studies in Canada. The total costs to the Canadian health care system are estimated to be $4.3 billion annually for this debilitating, chronic condition. Disclosure: R Balshaw - Consultant to Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada; P Pare - Consultant to Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada; O Heisel - Consultant to Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada; M Barbeau - Employee of Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada. The LOGIC Study was sponsored by Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".