Encapsulate Porphyrin or Fullerene Derivatives in PMADQUAT/PSt-PAA Polyion Complex Aggregates for Enhanced Singlet Oxygen Yields
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The polystyrene-poly(tert-butyl acrylate)(PSt-PtBuA) block copolymer was synthesized using atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP) method,and the polystyrene-poly(acrylic acid)(PSt-PAA) was obtained by the hydrolysis of PSt-PtBuA under acidic condition.The copolymers are characterized with proton nuclear magnetic resonance(1HNMR) and gel permeation chromatography(GPC).The polymer PSt-PAA can form aggregates in the buffer solution of Tris-HCl(pH=7.0),with the critical aggregation concentration(CAC) of 0.015 g/L.The polyion complex(PIC) aggregates can be formed between poly-2-[(methacryloyloxy)-ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride(PMADQUAT) and PSt-PAA through electrostatic interaction.When the weight ratio of PMADQUAT∶PSt-PAA is 3∶1,the CAC of aggregates becomes 0.005 g/L.Dynamic light scattering(DLS) and transmission electron microscope(TEM) results indicate that the particle diameters become smaller after forming PIC aggregates.The photosensitizers,such as diethyleneglycolmonomethylether modified fullerene(MDG-C70),protoporphyrin(PPIX),zinc-meso-tetraphenylporphine(ZnTPP) and 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphin(TPP) can be encapsulated into the polymer aggregates,thereby enhancing their solubility in the buffer solution.Under irradiation,the yields of singlet oxygen of MDG-C70,PPXI,ZnTPP and TPP in PIC aggregates are 1.64,2.63,2.60 and 2.20 times,respectively,compared with that in PSt-PAA aggregates.The singlet oxygen is not detected in the buffer solutions of these photosensitizers,due to the aggregation of photosensitizer.These results suggest that encapsulation of photosensitizer in PIC aggregates is one of the effective ways to enhance singlet oxygen yield of photosensitizer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".