Is There Correlation Between Helicobacter pylori and Enterohepatic Helicobacter Species With Gallstone Cholecystitis?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Cholecystitis is a common surgical condition. Recently, several authors have reported that bile tolerant Helicobacter spp. DNA has been found in the human bile colonizing the biliary tract. The aim of this study is evaluation of association between the presence of Helicobacter spp. and gallstone cholecystitis. Methods: In this case-control study,gallstones, bile and gallbladder mucosa were collected from 25 patients without gallstone biliary disease, 24 with acute cholecystitis and 28 with chronic cholecystitis. The presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), Helicobacter bilis (H. billis), Helicobacter hepaticus (H. hepaticus) and Helicobacter pullorum (H. pullorum) was investigated by PCR using species-specific primers. Also, serum samples were tested for presence of H. pylori-specific immunoglobulin G by ELISA. Results: In this study, 77 subjects of acute and chronic cholecystitis and control groups with a mean age of 46.85±14.53, including 58 (67.25%) women and 19 (32.75%) men were included. DNA of 10 Helicobacter spp. were detected in bile of patients with cholecystitis including 8 H. pylori and 2 H. bilis. However, we could not detect H. hepaticus and H. pullorum DNA in samples. Moreover, there was an association between H. pylori and acute cholecystitis (P=0.048), which was found to be stronger in 31-40 years old group (P=0.003).The increased level of Helicobacter pylori-specific immunoglobulin G was shown in 87.5% patients with acute cholecystitis, 89.2% patients with chronic cholecystitis and 80% patients in the control group. But no Helicobacter species were grown from the bile. Conclusion: In summary, we found association between presence of H. pylori DNA and acute cholecystitis with gallstone, especially in 31-40 years old group. Moreover, there is not statistically significant correlation between three enterohepatic Helicobacter species (H. Bilis, H. Hepaticus, H. pullorum) and calculos cholecysistitis. Given the low sample size of patients, more studies are required to clear the clinical role of Helicobacter spp. in the gallstone disease and cholecystitis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".