Bibliographic record
Abstract
Solar Storms begins and ends with face. As novel opens, Angela Jensen, narrator, returns to her homeland in as scared teenager who hides her scarred faced with a curtain of dark red hair (25). But in final pages of novel, Angel Wing (as narrator now calls herself) describes her face as beautiful (350). Helping her through this healing are her great-great-grandmother DoraRouge, her great-grandmother Agnes, and grandmotherly figure named Bush. Angel's transformation--from Angela to Angel, from Jensen to Wing, from scarred to beautiful--reflects communal and political struggle. And written on her two faces are stories of violence committed against her land and emerging political resistance to that destruction. Linda Hogan's novel appears to have been inspired by events related to James Bay, which is located in Cree territory near border between United States and Canada. In 1971, government of Quebec built dams in that area, diverting rivers flowing into James Bay for purpose of creating electrical energy. The dams displaced native communities and sparked decades-long political struggle between indigenous and Canadian nations. (1) The destruction caused by these engineers and cartographers, who carve up land and redirect rivers, is reflected by scarring on Angel's body. Solar Storms thus critiques long history of embodied geography--that is, figuring of land as feminine, move that typically reinforces colonial will and desire. By offering critique of both cartography and embodied geography, Hogan casts mapping as type of scarring on face of earth. But, more importantly, as Angel learns to co-opt power of writing and mapping and transforms them into weapons with which to fight government's dams, her face becomes sign of healing instead of violence. This reading of Angel's two faces illustrates possibility of defiant cartography, one that is historically rooted in indigenous culture, narrative in nature, and connected to land and therefore able to resist rather than assist colonization. The land/body connection announces itself in first sentence of first chapter: was seventeen when I returned to Rib (21). Unpacking ideological content of name Adam's Rib reveals symbolic potential (both positive and negative) of endowing land with physicality. Alluding to second chapter of Genesis, in which God removes rib from Adam to create Eve, name Adam's Rib describes type of physical violence inflicted on Adam and suggests creation through amputation. God forms Adam through combination of earth and breath, but Eve arises out of separation. Again, this mythic image at outset of novel resonates with what Angel learns about abuse she suffered at hands (and teeth) of her own mother: my mother had been taken over by some terrible and violent force. It inhabited her, flesh, bone, and spirit, spirit made flesh in scars on Angel's face (22). Angel eventually finds sort of redemption here at Rib, but initially it is location of her abuse and neglect. This is, after all, Angel's childhood home and place where her mother disfigured her face. The land itself reflects this violence. The second sentence of Chapter 1 describes as the place where was broken apart by land, land split open by water (21). And mapping of this land effectively results in an amputation of life from land as it is described by putatively objective practice of cartography. Perhaps more problematic than violent overtones of name Adam's Rib is its origin. At outset of Native American novel in which narrator eventually develops what Paula Gunn Allen calls a tribal understanding (169), homeland is marked with name belonging to Judeo-Christian tradition of colonizers. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".