Foliar application of phosphorous acid for control of potato late blight
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, is a devastating disease of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). Current disease management is strongly dependent on extensive use of protectant fungicides. A three year field trial was conducted in Prince Edward Island to evaluate the efficacy of phosphorous acid (Confineᵀᴹ), applied alone or in combination with chlorothalonil (Bravo®500) during the growing season, for control of foliar late blight. The trial consisted of two French fry processing varieties (‘Russet Burbank’ and ‘Shepody’) and four treatments (check plots treated with water, phosphorous acid, chlorothalonil and a combined treatment of phosphorous acid + chlorothalonil). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with each of the four treatments occurring in each block. Fresh leaves from each plot were collected and challenge-inoculated with a sporangial suspension of P. infestans. The leaves were incubated and then assessed for disease severity at one, four, five, six and seven days after inoculation. In addition to a significant variety effect, all three treatments achieved significant reduction in late blight severity on detached leaves compared with the check plot. The combined treatment of phosphorous acid and chlorothalonil resulted in the highest reduction in disease development, followed by the treatment with chlorothalonil. The ‘phosphorous acid alone’ treatment provided substantial control up to four days post infection, but the effect diminished after seven days post infection. These results will help us develop management strategies for late blight in potatoes and other solanaceous crops.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".