Comercio exterior en Colombia: política, instituciones, costos y resultados
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Entre 1950 y 2013 en la poltica comercial colombiana imper el proteccionismo, a pesar de las polticas que buscaban liberalizar el comercio e impulsar las exportaciones distintas al caf. El mayor proteccionismo se observa entre finales de los aos cincuenta y comienzos de los setenta; ya a principios de los noventa se busc liberalizar el comercio exterior, con lo que se conoci como la apertura econmica. Aunque el proteccionismo perme la poltica econmica del perodo, distintos gobiernos intentaron liberalizar el rgimen del comercio: solo en 1951, mediados de los aos setenta y comienzos de los noventa se implementaron polticas conscientes de liberalizacin que buscaban crear las bases de una economa eficiente y productiva. Este captulo presenta y examina los principales hechos de la poltica comercial del pas en los ltimos 62 aos. El anlisis resea los principales hitos de la poltica comercial y del comercio exterior en Colombia, destacando los orgenes de las restricciones al comercio, los antecedentes de la apertura econmica, la poltica de comercio exterior posapertura y las medidas no arancelarias aplicadas al comercio exterior.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".