The Impact of Obesity on the Phenotype of Ulcerative Colitis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Obesity has reached endemic proportions in the United States and is associated with the metabolic syndrome and low grade inflammation. The inflammatory adipokines leptin and resistin are increased in both patients with UC and obesity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of obesity on the phenotype of UC. Methods: The charts of 31 patients with UC who were treated at our clinic were reviewed. Body mass index (BMI) and UC disease activity index (UC DAI) were calculated for all patients. Patients were stratified according to BMI; disease phenotype was based on the Montreal Classification: E1-proctitis; E2- left sided colitis; E3- universal colitis. The unpaired student's t-test was used to assess for significance. Linear regression was used to assess for correlations between BMI and disease duration and patient age. Results: Ten patients (32%) were normal weight (BMI≤24.9), 23% were overweight and 45% (n=14) were obese (BMI≥30). There were no significant differences in demographics between normal weight and overweight/obese patients (not presented). Demographics by BMI group are presented. UC DAI increased with increasing BMI (Table 1). There was an increasing proportion of E3 disease with increasing BMI and an increased proportion of E2 disease in overweight patients (Figure 1). There was no significant correlation between BMI and duration of disease (R2 = 0.025) or BMI and patient age (R2 = 0.00).Table 1: DemographicsFigure 1Conclusion: Obesity appears to influence the phenotype of patients with UC; there was an increasing proportion of pan colitis (E3 disease) with increasing BMI. While not statistically significant, elevated BMI was associated with higher UC DAI scores suggesting worse disease. These effects appeared to be independent of disease duration or patient age.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".