OC17.06: Hemodynamic patterns in late‐gestation human fetuses with cyanotic congenital heart disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We sought to establish hemodynamic patterns for late gestation human fetuses with five forms of cyanotic congenital heart disease, using a combination of phase contrast for vessel flow and MR oximetry. Between Nov 2010 and Dec 2018 the major vessels of 50 late gestation normal human fetuses (mean GA: 36.7 weeks SD 1.03 weeks) and 124 fetuses with cyanotic congenital heart disease fetuses (mean GA: 35.7 weeks SD 2.1 weeks) were studied on a commercial 1.5T MR system using our previously published technique. Mean vessel flows and oxygen saturations in the main vessels of late gestation normal and cyanotic congenital heart disease fetuses are shown in figure 1. Our findings include lower combined ventricular ouptut (CVO) in fetuses with forms of CHD associated with an underdeveloped or non-functioning ventricle, with the lowest CVO and cerebral blood flow found in fetuses with Ebstein's anomaly. Superior vena cava (SVC) flow and pulmonary blood flow were otherwise reasonably stable across all patient groups. Obstruction of the right or left heart is associated with an increase in flow across the contralateral ventricle, while in transposition there is reversal of the relationship between main pulmonary artery and aortic flow. The SaO2s throughout the fetal circulation are lower in CHD than in normals. The assessment of fetal hemodynamic patterns by PC MRI and MRI oximetry could enhance our understanding of the fetal and uteroplacental circulations in fetuses with CHD, providing a new research tool for studying fetal cardiovascular physiology and the impact of abnormal circulatory hemodynamics on fetal lung and brain development. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".