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World Health Organization cardiovascular disease risk charts: revised models to estimate risk in 21 global regions
Emanuele Di Angelantonio, Stephen Kaptoge, Lisa Pennells, Dirk De Bacquer, Marie Therese Cooney, Maryam Kavousi, Gretchen A Stevens, Leanne M Riley, Stefan Savin, Servet Altay, Philippe Amouyel, Gerd Assmann, Steven Bell, Yoav Ben‐Shlomo, Lisa Berkman, Joline W. J. Beulens, Cecilia Björkelund, Michael J. Blaha, Dan G. Blazer, Thomas Bolton, Ruth Bonita, Beaglehole Hermann Brenner, Eric J. Brunner, Edoardo Casiglia, Parinya Chamnan, Yeunhyang Choi, Rajiv Chowdhury, Sean Coady, Carlos J. Crespo, Mary Cushman, Gilles R. Dagenais, Ralph B. D’Agostino, Makoto Daimon, Karina W. Davidson, Gunnar Engström, Xianghua Fang, Ian Ford, John Gallacher, Ron T. Gansevoort, Thomas A. Gaziano, Simona Giampaoli, Greg Grandits, Sameline Grimsgaard, Diederick E. Grobbee, Vilmundur Guðnason, Qi Guo, Steve E. Humphries, Hiroyasu Iso, J. Wouter Jukema, Jussi Kauhanen, André Pascal Kengne, Davood Khalili, Taskeen Khan, Matthew Knuiman, Wolfgang Köenig, Daan Kromhout, Harlan M. Krumholz, TH Lam, Gail A. Laughlin, Alejandro Marín Ibañez, Karel G. M. Moons, Paul J. Nietert, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Børge G. Nordestgaard, Christopher J. O’Donnell, Luigi Palmieri, Anushka Patel, Pablo Perel, Jackie F. Price, Rui Bebiano Da Providencia Costa, Paul M. Ridker, Beatriz L. Rodríguez, Annika Rosengren, Ronan Roussel, Masaru Sakurai, Veikko Salomaa, Shinichi Sato, Ben Schöttker, Nawar Shara, Jonathan E. Shaw, Hee-Choon Shin, Leon A. Simons, Eleni Sofianopoulou, Johan Sundström, Hanna Tolonen, Hirotsugu Ueshima, Henry Völzke, Robert B. Wallace, Nicholas J. Wareham, Peter Willeit, David M. Wood, Angela Wood, Dong Zhao, Oyere Onuma, Mark Woodward, Goodarz Danaei, Gregory A. Roth, Shanthi Mendis, Ian A. Graham, Cherian Varghese, Majid Ezzati, Rod Jackson, John Danesh, Vijay Nambi, Kunihiro Matsushita, David Couper, Australian Diabetes, Paul Zimmet, Elizabeth Barr, Robert Atkins, Peter H. Whincup, Bruneck Study, Stefan Kiechl, Johann Willeit, Gregorio Rungger, Reecha Sofat, Caroline Dale, J. P. Casas, Valérie Tikhonoff, Kelly J. Hunt, Susan E. Sutherland, Bruce M. Psaty, Russell Tracy, Ruth Frikke‐Schmidt, Gorm Boje Jensen, Peter Schnohr, Chiara Donfrancesco, Diego Vanuzzo, Salvatore Panico, Beverley Balkau, Fabrice Bonnet, Frédéric Fumeron, Judith Simons, Stela McLachlan, Jack M. Guralnik, Kay‐Tee Khaw, Hermann Brenner, Yan Zhang, Bernd Holleczek, Finrisk Cohort, Erkki Vartiainen, Jari Lahti, Kennet Harald, Joseph J. Massaro, Michael Pencina, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Shinji Susa, Toshihide Oizumi, Takamasa Kayama, Lars Wilhelmsen, Lauren Lissner, Dominique Hange, Kirsten Mehlig, Jun Hata, Daigo Yoshida, Yoichiro Hirakawa, Femke Rutters, Petra J. M. Elders, Ikawa Kyowa, Masahiko Kiyama, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Jyrki K. Virtanen, Jukka T. Salonen, Tom Meade, Peter M. Nilsson, Olle Melander, Ian H. de Boer, Andrew P. DeFilippis, Lewis H. Kuller, Richard F Gillum, Susan Kirkland, Daichi Shimbo, Joseph E. Schwartz, Hironori Imano, Pim van der Harst, Johannes L. Hillige, Stephan J. L. Bakker, Jean Dallongeville, Jean Ferrières, Marie Moitry, David J. Stott, Jean‐Pierre Després, Lori B. Daniels, Linda K. McEvoy, Thor Aspelund, Bolli Þórsson, Elías F. Guðmundsson, Elif Aribas, Oscar L. Rueda‐Ochoa, Mohammad Kamran Ikram, Alis Heshmatollah, Mashta Ikram, Marcus Dörr, Matthias Nauck, Barbara V. Howard, Ying Zhang, Günay Can, Masao Ishizaki, Tom Wilsgaard, Ellisiv B. Mathiesen, Vilmantas Giedraitis, Martin Ingelsson, Nancy R. Cook, Julie E. Buring, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Heiner Claessen, Dietrich Rothenbacher, Volker Arndt, Martin Shipley, Chris J. Packard, Michele Robertson, Robin Young, Edith Feskens, Johanna M. Geleijnse, Xin Fang, Dingge Gu, Rachel Huxley, Yukiko Imai, H. C. Kim, Wen Pan, A. Rodgers, Suh I, H Ueshima, Aito Town, Akira Okayama, Hitoshi Maegawa, Masahiko Nakamura, N Aoki, Ziyi Wu, Chia-Yu Yao, Mary A. Luszcz, Ziqing Tang, Ling Liu, J Xie, Robert Norton, Shanthi Ameratunga, Stephen MacMahon, Gary Whitlock, Helle Marie Christensen, Xing Wu, J H Zhou, Xinghu Yu, Workers A. Tamakoshi, Zhijun Wu, L. Q. Chen, Guangliang Shan, P Sritara, Xiaofeng Duan, Robert T. Jackson, Y. H. Li, C.Q. Jiang, T. Ninomiya, Yoshihisa Hirakawa, Jean Woo, S. C. Ho, Zhen Hong, Marilyn Huang, Bin Zhou, Jong‐Ling Fuh, Yoshikuni Kita, S. R. Choudhury, Sun Ha Jee, In Seop Kim, Graham G. Giles, Takashi Hashimoto, Kiyohiko Sakata, Annette J. Dobson, Takao Ohkubo, Atsushi Hozawa, Konrad Jamrozik, Matthew Hobbs, R. William Broadhurst, Kei Nakachi, Xu Fang, Shu Li, Qing Yang, Zhiru Chen, S. Tanaka, Shigaraki Town, H. Horibe, Yukio Matsutani, Mitsuko Kagaya, Kris Hughes, J. Lee, D Heng, Suok‐Kai Chew, Bing Zhou, H. Y. Zhang, Kazuaki Shimamoto, S Saitoh, Zhe Li, Paul E. Norman, Yao He, Miao Wang, Jing Liu, Xingguang Zhang, Weera Mahavanakul, Benjawan Wettana, Prasit Boonkert, Katrina Poppe, Fereidoun Azizi, Azita Zadeh–Vakili, Farzad Hadaegh
Bibliographic record
Venuenot available
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldBusiness, Management and Accounting
TopicGlobal Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersCilagNIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreHealth and Social Care Research and Development DivisionEconomic and Social Research CouncilIrving Medical Center, Columbia UniversityInstitut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université LavalNational Institutes of HealthFONDATION ALZHEIMERHjartaverndTechnische Universität MünchenLeids Universitair Medisch CentrumNovo NordiskUniversità degli Studi di PadovaScottish GovernmentLunds UniversitetUniversität HeidelbergHealth Research Council of New ZealandCambridge University HospitalsPublic Health AgencyIstituto Superiore di SanitàDiabetes AustraliaUniversity of OxfordSingulexUniversity of CambridgeChief Scientist Office, Scottish Government Health and Social Care DirectorateHáskóli ÍslandsBritish Heart FoundationNational Health and Medical Research CouncilShenzhen Center for Health InformationKowa CompanyUniversity of GlasgowUniversiteit LeidenMedicines CompanyUniversity College LondonWorld Health OrganizationWellcome TrustBoston Scientific CorporationMylanRegeneron PharmaceuticalsNational Institute for Health and Care ResearchNHS Blood and TransplantRijksuniversiteit GroningenCapital Medical UniversityHirosaki UniversitySouth African Medical Research CouncilDeutsches KrebsforschungszentrumAetna FoundationResearch Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesEli Lilly and CompanyNational Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteItä-Suomen YliopistoUniversity of MinnesotaBristol-Myers SquibbTeva Pharmaceutical IndustriesUniversité LavalPortland State UniversityMedical Research CouncilServierKidney Health AustraliaDepartment of Health and Social CareDaiichi Sankyo EuropeYale UniversityShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesGlaxoSmithKlineDeutsches Zentrum für Herz-KreislaufforschungSanofiEngineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilAstraZenecaAmerican Heart AssociationPfizerUniversity of California, San DiegoJohns Hopkins UniversityInternational Society of HypertensionAmgen
KeywordsDiseaseMedicineEnvironmental healthInternal medicine
DOInot available
Abstract
No abstract in any covered source. Its absence is recorded, not treated as a negative.
No abstract. This is not a gap in this database; OpenAlex has none either. 23.3% of the frame is in this state, and the screen finds HALF as much metaresearch here, so the absence is a measured bias rather than a missing field.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.016
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.043
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: Simulation or modeling
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.112
Threshold uncertainty score0.223
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.016 | 0.043 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.029
GPT teacher head0.295
Teacher spread0.265 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designSimulation or modeling
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
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Citations1
Published2019
Admission routes1
Has abstractno