Excessive Atrial Ectopic Activity Worsens Prognosis and Predicts the Type of Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Patients With Frequent Premature Ventricular Contractions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of premature atrial contractions (PACs) burden, and the presence of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) on prognosis and type of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). METHODS: We retrospectively studied 285 consecutive patients with frequent PVCs defined as PVC count equal or higher than 1% of total beats assessed with 24-h Holter recording. Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) were excluded. We evaluated the impact of PAC burden and the presence of NSVT on the primary end points of all-cause mortality, stroke and new-onset AF, and secondary end points; arrhythmic end point (arrhythmic death or hospitalizations for ventricular arrhythmias) or heart failure (HF)-related end point (death or hospitalizations due to HF). RESULTS: The PAC number showed an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval (CI), P value) of 1.077 (1.014 - 1.145, P = 0.017) for all-cause mortality, 1.250 (1.080 - 1.447, P = 0.003) for stroke, 1.090 (1.006 - 1.181, P = 0.036) for new-onset AF and 1.376 (1.128 - 1.679, P = 0.002) for the HF end point. The presence of NSVT showed an adjusted HR (95% CI) of 3.644 (1.147 - 11.57, P = 0.028) for the arrhythmic end point. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with frequent PVCs a high PAC count was independently associated with increased mortality, higher rate of AF, stroke and HF adverse events, but not with arrhythmic adverse events. The presence of NSVT was independently associated with increased arrhythmic adverse events, but not with overall mortality, AF, stroke or HF events.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".