The Impact of Crohnʼs Disease on Workforce Participation and Productivity in the Workplace and Household
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: Crohn's disease (CD) is associated with debilitating clinical symptoms and an important quality of life burden. This analysis focuses on the impact of CD on productivity, which can aid our understanding of the impact of CD on patients and its societal cost. Methods: CD patients (pts) (≥18 years) completed a Web-based questionnaire containing items regarding demographics, disease and treatment history, the short form of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ) and the Health Related Productivity Questionnaire (HRPQ). The HRPQ contains 9 items on the influence of CD on key productivity measures: workforce participation (unemployed, under-employed), absenteeism (missed work days) and presenteeism (reduced work output during hours [hrs] worked). Results: A total of 326 pts completed the survey (70% female, mean age = 46). The majority of pts rated the severity of their current CD as moderate (46.9%; mild = 34.4%; severe = 18.7%). U.S. residents comprised 84.0% of the sample with Canada, Australia and the U.K. accounting for 8.0%, 2.1% and 2.1%, respectively and the remaining 3.8% of respondents coming from 9 other countries. Among the 305 respondents < 65 years, 57% reported they were currently employed full-time, 16% reported part-time employment and the remaining 27% reported that they were not employed. Approximately 38% of pts indicated that CD had at some point kept them from being employed or had forced them to work part-time when they wanted to work full-time. Among the employed, 23.8% of the scheduled work hrs were lost due to CD with 14.6% due to presenteeism and 9.2% to absenteeism. The planned hrs of household work were more affected by CD than the scheduled hrs of employed work, with 38.0% of these hrs lost due to CD. The workforce participation and percentage of hrs of productivity lost at employed and household work of women were substantially above those of their male counterparts (range 170%-185%). Current employment status was significantly associated with CD severity. Pts with poorer quality of life, as measured by the SIBDQ, had significantly greater levels of absenteeism, presenteeism and total lost productivity (p <.001). The SIBDQ item dealing with feelings of fatigue was the most consistently significant predictor of productivity losses. Conclusions: CD was found to significantly influence each of the key productivity measures investigated. Treatments that effectively control the symptoms of CD and have minimal side-effects may have a significant impact on the indirect (productivity) costs associated with CD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".