Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter examines the nuclear-powered attack submarines (SSNs) decision from the standpoint of strategy and politics. The proposal to equip Maritime Command with SSNs highlights rather than alters the roles of Canada&s;s navy in national and collective defense. Defense issues seldom figure highly in Canadian domestic politics and the merits or shortcomings of weapons systems for the Armed Forces are rarely matter of public debate. Overall, a new sea-launched cruise missile threat would again increase US concern about Canada&s;s submarine surveillance capabilities and provide additional rationale for balancing the Canadian Anti-Submarine Warfare forces with SSNs of their own and placing more of them in the Pacific and Arctic. Canada is similarly linked by helping to monitor the approaches to the American nuclear-powered submarines bases, thereby contributing to the credibility of the sea-based strategic nuclear deterrent. The American-European transatlantic bargain appears though, to be on the threshold of evolutionary yet profound change prompted by concerns on both sides of the ocean.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".