Introduction of Formal Child Care Services in Inuit Communities and Labour Force Outcomes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We study the impacts of the introduction of formal child care services in 28 Inuit communities in Canada’s North. We use geographical variation in the timing of the introduction of child care services in the late 1990s and early 2000s to estimate the impact of increased access to child care. We combine the 1996, 2001, and 2006 long-form census files with data on the opening dates of child care centres in each of the 28 communities over time. We find little evidence of impacts on female labour force participation rates. Point estimates for other outcomes, including high school graduation rates and male participation in child care, are also mostly small and statistically insignificant. In many cases, subgroups in Quebec present the exception, potentially reflecting an interaction with the low-fee child care policy that was rolled out in Quebec over approximately the same time period. We do not find evidence that formal child care availability decreases the ability of children to speak Inuktitut. We suggest plausible explanations for these findings and avenues for future research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".