Sandra Ott. Living with the Enemy: German Occupation, Collaboration, and Justice in the Western Pyrenees, 1940–1948.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As Sandra Ott describes in Living with the Enemy: German Occupation, Collaboration, and Justice in the Western Pyrenees, 1940–1948, in May 1941, leaders in France’s collaborationist government, Fernand de Brinon and Pierre Laval, organized a bullfight spectacle for German occupation officers in Bayonne, located in French Basque country (64). Over the course of the occupation (1940–1944), German soldiers, on leave from the eastern front, would entertain themselves similarly. The Pyrenees became a coveted destination for German officers as well as enlisted men. It was also a destination for European refugees attempting to escape Nazi terror to neutral Spain. The combination made the Pyrenees border departments an especially dangerous place for collaborators, resistance fighters, and civilians trying to navigate the complexities of daily life. The German occupation of French Basque territory began June 27, 1940, as the Port of Bayonne fell under military control. By November of 1942, the German SS, German SD (Security Services), and the Wehrmacht (German Army) had extended administrative authority over the entire Basque region, patrolling especially France’s Spanish border for escaping Allied air men or Jewish refugees attempting to flee to neutral territory. In 1943, Vichy created its own security police, the Milice, to assist them.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".