Studying wave-current interaction by HF radar
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Improved understanding of the wave-current interaction can lead to better descriptions of ocean wave or wind and more precise designs of ocean engineering. High-frequency (HF) radar, as an important ocean remote sensing tool, can measure large-area currents and wave parameters simultaneously. Here, the first-order spectrum power (FSP) of HF radar is used to study the wave-current interaction. The frequency shift of the first-order spectrum is combined with its power to indicate the relationship between current and wave. The effects of current on the Bragg wave in different sea areas are presented by analyzing the FSP change with current vector (FSP-current distribution). The FSP-current distribution in deep water is very similar to the theoretical distribution of two-dimensional wave-current; while, the wave-current interaction over a relatively shallow shelf is stronger and more complicated. Experimental results illustrate the potential of HF radar in studying the wave-current interaction and show that the wave-current interactions in deep water mainly belong the two-dimensional oblique model (refraction case).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".