Nighttime visual recognition performance of light emitting diode traffic signs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Light emitting diode (LED) traffic signs have been deployed on many urban roadways recently. However, a lack of uniform engineering criteria for the luminance level of LED traffic signs in China brought up consequences such as inaccurate recognition of signs for drivers as well as potential traffic accidents. This paper explores the possible luminance range of LED traffic signs through full-scale field static experiments. Visual recognition distance, character height, character stroke, sign background color, sign dimension, and sign complexity degree are taken into account. The visual recognition luminance value required for drivers are recorded. Experiment results reveal that: for character symbol, the background color of the board and character strokes have no significant effect on driver’s visual recognition performance; for graphic symbol, the higher of graphic complex degree, the higher luminance value required for driver to recognize. This study summarizes the luminance thresholds of different kinds of LED signs for different roadway classes. The findings of this study would provide reference for future design of LED traffic signs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".