Bilayered Potassium Vanadate K<sub>0.5</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> as Superior Cathode Material for Na‐Ion Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A bilayered potassium vanadate K 0.5 V 2 O 5 (KVO) is synthesized by a fast and facile synthesis route and evaluated as a positive electrode material for Na‐ion batteries. Half the potassium ions can be topotactically extracted from KVO through the first charge, allowing 1.14 Na + ions to be reversibly inserted. A good rate capability is also highlighted, with 160 mAh g −1 at C/10, 94 mAh g −1 at C/2, 73 mAh g −1 at 2C and excellent cycling stability with 152 mAh g −1 still available after 50 cycles at C/10. Ex situ X‐ray diffraction reveals weak and reversible structural changes resulting in soft breathing of the KVO host lattice upon Na extraction–insertion cycles (Δ V / V ≈3 %). A high structure stability upon cycling is also achieved, at both the long‐range order and atomic scale probed by Raman spectroscopy. This remarkable behavior is ascribed to the large interlayer spacing of KVO (≈9.5 Å) stabilized by pillar K ions, which is able to accommodate Na ions without any critical change to the structure. Kinetics measurements reveal a good Na diffusivity that is hardly affected upon discharge. This study opens an avenue for further exploration of potassium vanadates and other bronzes in the field of Na‐ion batteries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".