Investigations into the interaction between Leishmania australiensis and dendritic cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected infectious disease that is continuously increasing and debilitating millions of people each year. Treatment is toxic and generally inefficient and, currently, there is no vaccine for leishmaniasis prevention. In Australia, previously thought to be free of endemic leishmaniasis, a novel species of Leishmania has been discovered infecting macropods, namely, Leishmania australiensis. Although, L. australiensis is thought to be non-pathogenic to humans due to the absence of locally acquired human leishmaniasis, this new species poses a threat to several animals. Most studies in the past looked at the interaction of Leishmania species and macrophages. However, along with macrophages, dendritic cells are targeted by Leishmania parasites, which live within the phagolysosomes. More importantly, dendritic cells are responsible for priming T helper cells, which are the main effector cells in leishmaniasis. This study showed the early events involved in leishmaniasis caused by L. australiensis focusing on the interaction of the parasite and dendritic cells. The cytokine production by L. australiensis-infected bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-dendritic cells) was minimal or zero. In addition, L. australiensis appears to modulate the surface expression of MHC-II and CD86 molecules in BM-dendritic cells. Ex-vivo experiments showed that L. australiensis were unable to infect Langerhans cells compared to human-pathogenic Leishmania species. Finally, although the results were not conclusive and require repeats, the interesting observations resulted from this study might help to discover what leads to the clinical cure or the perpetuation of the disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".