Thalidomide and its analogues in prostate cancer therapy: A scientific update
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thalidomide (Figure 1) was derived from alpha-phnthaloylisoglutamine, a derivative of glutamic acid1 by Chemie Grünenthal GmbH, a West German Company in 1954. Thalidomide has a low level of toxicity and no LD50 could be established. Indeed, high doses of thalidomide did not cause respiratory or cardiac failure, suggesting that accidental death or suicide with this compound was highly unlikely. As a matter of fact, 17 patients, including small children and one suicide attempt, survived ingestion of excessive amounts of thalidomide. In 1957, thalidomide was approved for commercial use in West Germany as a sedative and sold under the brand name Kevadon. About this time, the anti-emetic (anti-nausea) activity was discovered and the drug was prescribed to counteract morning sickness in pregnant women. Unfortunately, the teratological effects of thalidomide were not revealed through studies in rodents and approximately 12,000 children were born deformed before thalidomide was banned for clinical use in March 1962 by the Canadian Food and Drug Directorate2. In 1998, thalidomide was approved to treat erythema nodosum leprosum, a painful inflammatory dermatologic reaction of leprosy. In 2006, the FDA approved thalidomide under the brand name Thalomid (Celgene Corp) for treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma As a result of these approvals, the interest in thalidomide as a chemotherapeutic agent for other cancers, including prostate cancer (Figure 2), has emerged.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it