Improved Deep Fuzzy Clustering for Accurate and Interpretable Classifiers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
While deep learning has demonstrated excellent performance in many challenging learning tasks, it has not yet found broad acceptance amongst users. The key deficiency seems to be the uninterpretable nature of a deep neural network; no general, practical method for explaining the predictions or decisions of such a network has been devised. Lacking such, users seem unwilling to entrust deep learning with critical decisions. One approach to generating explanations is to design algorithms that are inherently more interpretable. Neuro-fuzzy systems are an example, which we are extending to deep networks; in particular by designing deep fuzzy clustering algorithms. Deep fuzzy clustering employs a deep learner as an automated feature extractor. A fuzzy clustering is performed in the extracted feature space, and a classifier built from it. The resulting model appears more interpretable, but at the cost of lower accuracy. This paper explores improvements to deep fuzzy clustering leading to a more accurate deep fuzzy classifier that still seems highly interpretable. We evaluate the accuracy and interpretability of the model on the MNIST dataset.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".