Electrolyte Driven Highly Selective CO<sub>2</sub> Electroreduction at Low Overpotentials
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) is a promising technology to use renewable electricity to convert CO 2 into value-added carbon-based products. The low-cost, active, selective, and stable catalysts will play a key role in achieving industrialized CO 2 RR. The electrolyte assists a catalyst in achieving all its latent capability. Here the concentration effect of KHCO 3 in CO 2 RR was systematically investigated on the low-cost core–shell structured Cu 2 O@SnO x nanoparticle-derived hybrid catalyst. An HCO 3 – -involved proton-coupled electron transfer was confirmed as the rate-determining step for CO 2 RR on the hybrid catalyst in aqueous KHCO 3 solution based on the analysis of the reaction order and Tafel slope. The nearly 100% selectivity for CO was achieved in a highly concentrated KHCO 3 solution accompanied by a high cathodic energetic efficiency of 71.8%. It was attributed to the combined concentration effect of KHCO 3 with the related pH effect.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".