Eltrombopag Treatment of Thrombocytopenia in Advanced Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Results of the 8-Week Open-Label Part of an Ongoing Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Abstract 3822 Background: Patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) commonly experience severe thrombocytopenia with a high risk for bleeding. Eltrombopag is an oral thrombopoietin receptor agonist indicated for treatment of chronic immune thrombocytopenia. Eltrombopag may reduce platelet transfusions and bleeding, and preclinical data suggest that it may have an anti-leukemic effect (Erickson-Miller 2008; Kalota 2010; Will 2009; Mavroudi 2010; Roth 2012). We present results of the 8-week, open-label part of an ongoing multicenter trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of eltrombopag in patients with intermediate (int)-2 or high-risk MDS or AML (WHO criteria) with platelets <25,000/μL. Methods: Eltrombopag was administered daily at 3 escalating dose levels, with increases every 2 weeks in patients without a platelet response: Dose Level (DL)1, 100 mg (50 mg for East Asian [EA] patients); DL2, 200 mg (100 mg for EA patients), and DL3, 300 mg (150 mg for EA patients). Platelet response was defined as on-treatment platelets ≥2x baseline and >20,000/μL for patients with baseline platelets <20,000/μL or ≥2x baseline and ≥50,000/μL for patients with baseline platelets ≥20,000/μL. Treatment with hydroxyurea was permitted. Results: Seventeen patients with a median age of 72 years (range, 49–91) with int-2 or high-risk MDS (n=12) or AML (n=5) were enrolled. Baseline median platelet count was 12,500/μL (range, 6,000–35,000/μL). Sixteen of 17 patients had received ≥1 prior treatment for their disease. Five, 3, and 9 patients received DL1, DL2, and DL3 as their maximum daily dose. Nine of 17 patients completed 8 weeks of treatment, 6 of whom continued to receive eltrombopag in the extension part of the study. Of the 9 patients who completed all 8 weeks of therapy, 2, 2, and 5 were receiving DL1, DL2, and DL3 at the time they completed their treatment. Ten of 17 (59%) patients had reductions in platelet transfusions during treatment with eltrombopag compared with the 4-week pre-treatment period (Table). Platelet responses were observed in 4/17 (24%) patients. Post-baseline bone marrow examinations 1–3 months after starting eltrombopag (n=11) showed no clinically meaningful changes in blast counts. The most common adverse events (AEs) were pyrexia (n=4), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increase, diarrhea, epistaxis, headache, and pneumonia (n=3 each). Two of 3 patients with increased ALT met protocol-defined liver-stopping criteria. Both elevations occurred while patients were receiving 300 mg eltrombopag and resolved following discontinuation of eltrombopag. Three deaths were reported (2 patients with fatal AEs of sepsis, considered not related to eltrombopag treatment; 1 patient died of disease progression). Conclusion: Preliminary data suggest that eltrombopag may reduce platelet transfusion requirements in thrombocytopenic patients with advanced MDS and AML. AEs were as expected for this patient population and for treatment with eltrombopag. Randomized studies assessing the potential benefits and risks of eltrombopag in this setting are ongoing. Disclosures: Off Label Use: Eltrombopag is an oral TPO agonist indicated for chronic ITP being studied in MDS/AML. Garcia Delgado:Celgene: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau. Mannino:GlaxoSmithKline: Employment. Mostafa Kamel:GlaxoSmithKline: Employment, Equity Ownership. Messam:GlaxoSmithKline: Employment. Stone:GlaxoSmithKline: Employment. Chan:GlaxoSmithKline: Employment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".