Effect of UV Light Irradiation of Different Wavelengths on the Surface Wettability of Titanium Metal for Dental Implants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
1. Abstract In order to clarify the mechanism of strong osseointegration by UV light irradiation on titanium surface, we have discussed the correlation between the surface wettability and cleanliness at the molecular level. When the Ti disks (machined) were irradiated with UV-A (mainly 365 nm) or UV-C (mainly 254 nm) light, the contact angles of the water droplets smoothly decreased but leveled off at ca. 35° or 10°, respectively. This phenomenon could be explained by the low photo catalytic activity due to the thin TiO2 passive layer. On the other hand, the Ti disks (acid-etched) showed high wettability by both UV-A or UV-C light irradiation. From the results of XPS measurements, UV-A light irradiation of the Ti disks was found to decompose the C-C bonds in hydrocarbons but hardly decomposed the O-C=O bonds. In contrast, UV-C light irradiation of the Ti disks could effectively decompose both the C-C and O-C=O bonds in hydrocarbons by photo catalytic and photochemical effects. Sufficiently strong osseointegration of the disks (acid-etched) achieved by UV-C light irradiation could be explained by entirely decontamination of hydrocarbons from the titanium surfaces. 1.1. Graphical Abstract_XPS High wettability of titanium surfaces can be achieved by partial decontamination of hydrocarbons. However, in order to obtain the strong enough osseointegration between bone tissues and titanium implants, hydrocarbons should be entirely decontaminated by UV-C light irradiation (mainly 254 nm). Keywords: Osseointegration (bone to titanium attachment); Surface Wettability; Wavelengths of UV Light, TiO2 Passive Layer on Titanium Metal; XPS Analyses
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".