Investigation of a 256‐Monopole Transmit Antenna Array for Over‐the‐Horizon Radar in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A 256‐monopole planar array is investigated as a potential transmit antenna covering the entire 3‐ to 18‐MHz band in an over‐the‐horizon radar (OTHR) operating at high latitudes in Canada. This array is relatively inexpensive, simple to build, and offers the azimuth and elevation resolutions necessary to defeat the auroral clutter which has traditionally limited the operation of OTHR at high latitudes. It is demonstrated that excellent clutter rejection ratios are possible with this antenna array and accurate calibration, but significant performance degradation occurs with calibration errors in particular in the lower portion of the operating frequency band. Various calibration approaches and error mechanisms are studied. A new approach combining multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) radar techniques at lower frequencies and conventional transmit null steering at higher frequencies is proposed and evaluated. This approach enhances the robustness of the array to calibration errors while preserving the radar unambiguous range‐Doppler space across the operating frequency band.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".