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Record W2980304225 · doi:10.33731/42019.175713

Trends in the development of artificial intelligence technologies: the economic and legal aspect fo. 2)

2019· article· en· W2980304225 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueTheory and Practice of Intellectual Property · 2019
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
TopicDigital Transformation in Law
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsIntellectual propertyState (computer science)IBMProduct (mathematics)Applications of artificial intelligenceChinaEmerging technologiesBusinessPolitical scienceEngineeringArtificial intelligenceComputer scienceLawNanotechnologyMathematics

Abstract

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The economic-legal analysis of the state and trends of the development of technologies of artificial intelligence (AI) has been carried out. The influence of AI on the development of society, eco­nomic effect, methods and the field of application, the state of developments in the world and Ukraine are analyzed. In the next decade, AI will become the main mar­ket trend and the best business tool. The contribution of intellectual technologies to global GDP is estimated at 15.7 trillion. dollars In the next 5-10 years, China will be the leader in the successful operation and adaptation of AI technologies. Ac­cording to analysts, the most benefit from AI technologies will be in the areas of fi­nancial services, retail and medicine.The scientific and inventive activity in the sphere of AI, the role of protection of in­tellectual property (patent and copyright), and the maintenance of the balance of com­peting interests are researched. Recently, the number of inventions based on AI has sharply increased. The leaders in the number of such inventions are American compa­nies IBM and Microsoft. This growth is due to the fact that in recent years AI has evolved from the theoretical concept into a real product that gains the world market. Since the advent of AI in the 50’s of the last century, inventors and researchers have applied for almost 340 thousand inventions based on AI (as of the end of 2016) and published more than 1.6 million scientific articles. The transport sector, including au­tonomous vehicles, is one of the sectors with the highest rates of growth in the appli­cation of AI. China has become a global leader in increasing the number of patents in the AI sphere over the past five years.By the number of companies working in the sphere of AI, Ukraine is among the three leaders among the countries of Eastern Europe. There are 57 AI companies in Ukraine and it has 11 investorsGeneralized practice of state regulation of activity in the sphere of AI in indus­trialized countries and EU countries. More and more countries are developing na­tional AI strategies. Thus, 17 countries, including Canada, China, Denmark, France, India, South Korea and Taiwan, have already announced their AI strate­gies. Some of them invest billions of dollars in this area. China, for example, has invested more than $ 10 billion in this technological trend, followed by South Korea — $ 2 billion and France — $ 1.5 billion. Governmental structures from dif­ferent countries are concerned about the need to develop relevant national strate­gies, programs and regulation of AI legislative level. Identified existing problems and suggested ways to solve them. Problems constraining the development of AI in Ukraine: the absence of a strategy for the development of AI, the domestic infra­structure for its work and the weakness of the business about existing fundamen­tal scientific developments in the field of AI, insufficient for the implementation of AI level of digitalization of companies, the lack of a high level of data work, and is also a misunderstanding of the implementation guidance in the AI company.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.004
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.547
Threshold uncertainty score0.380

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0040.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.056
GPT teacher head0.267
Teacher spread0.210 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it