Microbial Population Change in Anaerobic Digestion during Copper Sulfate Inhibition and Recovery
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. This study evaluated how feedstock with added copper sulfate (commonly used as an antimicrobial footbath solution in livestock operations) changed the performance and microbial populations of a dairy manure digester. High-throughput Illumina sequencing of the V4 region of the bacterial and the V6-V8 regions of the archaeal 16S rRNA gene in digester samples showed a significant change in the microbial community composition during addition of feedstock with copper sulfate, followed by a return to the original composition with regular feedstock. Bacterial genera that were suppressed during the inhibition period included Cloacamonas, Syntrophomonas, Butyrivibrio, and Caldicoprobacter, while the relative abundance of Acholeplasma, Desulfobulbus, Aminobacterium, Treponema, and YRC22 peaked. The dominant methanogen Methanosarcina, although initially resistant, was suppressed during inhibition, while Methanobrevibacter and Methanosphaera, prominent feedstock genera, increased. The return of the bacterial and archaeal communities to compositions similar to their previous steady states after inhibition highlights the digester’s microbial resilience and recovery potential. Keywords: . Anaerobic digestion, Copper sulfate inhibition, Illumina sequencing, Manure, Methanogens, Microbial populations, Microbiome.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it