APNEA: Intelligent Ad-Bidding Using Sentiment Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Online advertising is one of the most lucrative forms of advertising, making it an important channel of advertising media. Contextual Advertising is a type of online display advertising that takes cues from the content of the triggering page and displays advertisements that are relevant to the current context. However, on several occasions, the context may have a negative connotation, and displaying advertisements that are relevant to it might prove to be detrimental to the advertiser. We refer to such a scenario as an unfortunate placement. In this work, we propose APNEA (Ad Positive NEgative Analysis), a light-weight system that uses a sentiment-oriented approach to rank the advertisers such that positively correlated brands are ranked higher than brands that are neutral or negatively correlated. Experiments show that APNEA helps avoid unfortunate placements while maintaining ad-relevance. It outperforms several baselines in terms of accuracy on human-annotated test data while having a lower run-time, which is crucial for real-time bidding systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".