Experimental Investigations of Microwave Effects on Rock Breakage Using SEM Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Preconditioning of hard rocks by microwave energy has recently been considered a potentially effective technology in mechanical rock breakage for civil and mining engineering. To obtain the amount of mechanical damage that a single-mode microwave treatment produces in rocks, it is necessary to analyze and evaluate the thermal cracking process by microwave heating at different power levels, exposure times, and distances from the antenna. The current study employs the scanning electron microscopy imaging technique to capture images from surfaces of irradiated rock specimens and to compare them with a nontreated specimen. To evaluate and quantify the amount of cracking (i.e. crack density, crack size, etc.) in a rock specimen after microwave irradiation with different microwave input operating parameters, the following steps were evaluated. First, several experiments of single-mode microwave treatments with different operating parameters were performed on rectangular specimens of basalt. Then, cylindrical core samples with a dimension of r = 0.5 cm, h = 2cm, were drilled from the center of the irradiated specimens and prepared for image processing. The results of the present study show that there are significant differences between the number of microcracks present in samples irradiated at different power levels and distances from the antenna. Also, longer exposure times result in more severe cracks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".