Blood pressure and hypertension.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a major cause of disability and the leading risk factor for death around the world. Ongoing surveillance is necessary to monitor and assess the population burden of hypertension in Canada. DATA AND METHODS: Using measured data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey, this analysis estimates average systolic blood pressure (BP), average diastolic BP, and hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control in the population aged 20 to 79 years in the period from 2012 to 2015 by sex and age group. Crude and age-standardized overall estimates for 2007-2009, 2009-2011, 2012-2013 and 2014-2015 are also presented. RESULTS: Among adults aged 20 to 79 years, 24% of males and 23% of females had hypertension, defined as measured BP ≥140/90 mm Hg or past-month use of antihypertensive medication. Hypertension prevalence increased to 40% for males and 32% for females when the BP threshold was lowered to ≥130/80 mm Hg. Among adults, 84% of people with hypertension were aware of their condition, 80% of hypertensive people were treated for their condition, and 66% had controlled hypertension (measured BP ⟨140/90 mm Hg), though those aged 20 to 39 were less likely than older age groups to be aware, treated or controlled. Crude and age-standardized rates remained fairly stable during the period from 2007-2009 to 2014-2015. DISCUSSION: Hypertension prevalence among adults has remained stable over time in Canada, and hypertension awareness, treatment and control have remained high. However, rates of awareness, treatment and control are lower among younger adults. This finding highlights the importance of initiatives to encourage this population to have their blood pressure checked and treated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.022 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".