Near-infrared Imaging of a Spiral in the CQ Tau Disk
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We present L ′-band Keck/NIRC2 imaging and H -band Subaru/AO188+HiCIAO polarimetric observations of the CQ Tau disk with a new spiral arm. Apart from the spiral feature, our observations could not detect any companion candidates. We traced the spiral feature from the r 2 -scaled High-Contrast Coronographic Imager for Adaptive Optics (HiCIAO) polarimetric intensity image and the fitted result is used for forward modeling to reproduce the ADI-reduced NIRC2 image. We estimated the original surface brightness after throughput correction in the L ′ band to be ∼126 mJy arcsec −2 at most. We suggest that the grain temperature of the spiral may be heated up to ∼200 K in order to explain both of the H - and L ′-band results. The H -band emission at the location of the spiral originates from the scattering from the disk surface while both scattering and thermal emission may contribute to the L ′-band emission. If the central star is only the light source of scattered light, the spiral emission at the L ′ band should be thermal emission. If an inner disk also acts as the light source, the scattered light and the thermal emission may equally contribute to the L ′-band spiral structure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".