P2‐363: SERUM NEUROFILAMENT LIGHT PROTEIN AS A POTENTIAL BIOMARKER OF NEURODEGENERATION IN FORMER PROFESSIONAL ATHLETES WITH MULTIPLE CONCUSSIONS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The absence of adiagnostic tool for in vivo chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) has made its diagnosis and treatment impossible.Increased concentrations of serum neurofilament light protein (NF-L) has been reported in individuals with neurodegenerative disease such as those with Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. The aim of the study was to evaluate NFL as a biomarker of neurodegeneration and progression in former professional athletes with multiple concussions and at risk of CTE. Concentrations of serum NF-L of fifty-two former professional athleteswith a history of multiple concussions (ExPro]) [2 females, 50 males; age (mean±SD): 53.8±12.8 years of age]and twenty-three healthy controls (HC) with no history of concussions [all males; age: 49.1±10.8 years of age] were measured using single molecule array (SIMOA) technique. We determined, hippocampal, corpus callosum and total ventricular volumes. We performed seed-based probabilistic tractography of the uncinate, cingulum, and superior longitudinal and corpus callosum (CC) fasciculi to determine their integrity. We used CONN analysis to determine functional connectivity between the components of the resting state default mode network. We assessed the relationship between serum NF-L to the above-mentioned metrics. Eighteen ExPro underwent follow-up imaging after 2 years. All statistical analyses were controlled for age and intracranial volume. Serum concentrations of NF-L were not significantly different between the ExPro and HC (11.63±7.4 vs. 10.61±5.3 pg/ml, respectively). However, in the ExPro, the levels of NF-L were significantly correlated with the mean diffusivity (MD) of CC (r=0.382, p=0.004), total volume of CC (r= - 0.401, p=0.004), total ventricular volume (r= 0.393, p=0.001), volumes of both right and left hippocampi (r= −0.342, p=0.003; r= −0.277, p=0.019; respectively), and the functional connectivity between the right and left hippocampi (beta=−0.03, p=0.005). Moreover, the levels of NF-L in the ExPro at the first visit were significantly correlated with the amount of increase in CC MD over the period of 2 years follow-up (r=0.475, p=0.04). Serum NF-L levels may reflect cerebral changes in athletes with multiple concussions and it may predict decrease in white matter integrity over time. Serum NFL might be a potential biomarker of neurodegeneration in athletes with a history of multiple concussions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".