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Bibliographic record
Abstract
RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST SCIENCE, 2019, No. 6, P. 573-579 COTYLEDONS OF SEEDLINGS AND EMBRYOS OF CONIFERS M. G. Romanovskii, G. P. Morozov Institute of Forest Science, Russian Academy of Sciences Sovetskaya st. 21, Uspenskoe, Odintsovsky District, Moscow Oblast, 143030, Russia E-mail: michrom@ilan.ras.ru Received 20 August 2014 Number of seminal leafs could be used to forecast the growth rate. It was widely discussed in Russian publications on silviculture considering heritability of the trait, dextral asymmetry of sprouts, even number of seminal leafs etc. Studies of embryos of pine open the new aspects on the origin of the trait. Seminal leafs are formed from the epidermal layers of an embryo. Two covering layers holding the seminal leafs usually have bilateral symmetry. Shoot apex controlling the height is activated later during sprouting. Monitoring of seminal leafs of sprouts and seedlings of Scots pine are considered. Genetic variability of number of seminal leafs is discussed. Keywords: number of seminal leafs, hystogenesis, dissymmetry, breeding, growth rate. Acknowledgements: This study was supported by the grant of the President of the Russian Federation (NSh-1858.2014.4). DOI: 10.1134/S002411481906007X REFERENCES Chzhan S.-T., Var'irovanie chisla semyadolei u vskhodov eli v svyazi s ee geograficheskim proiskhozhdeniem i formovym raznoobraziem (Variation of seminal leaf number of sprouts of spruce linked to the geographical origin and form diversity), Lesovedenie , 1969, No. 2, pp. 79-81. Gavris' V.P., Mnogoformennost' khvoinykh porod i prakticheskoe ispol'zovanie tsennykh form sosny i eli (Variability of forms of coniferous species: utilisation of valuable forms of pine and spruce), Lesnoe khozyaistvo , 1938, No. 1, pp. 78-88. Golikov A.M., Rost i formovaya struktura potomstva eli evropeiskoi v zavisimosti ot geterozigotnosti derev'ev i uslovii proizrastaniya (The growth and form structure of Norway spruce posterity related to heterozygosity of trees and environmental conditions), Lesovedenie , 2007, No. 4, pp. 51-58. Golikov A.M., Yavlenie dissimmetrii khvoi u Pinus sylvestris (Pinaceae) (Phenomenon of dissymetry of needles of Pinus sylvestris (Pinaceae)), Botanicheskii zhurnal , 1982, Vol. 67, No. 2, pp. 220-223. Golikov A.M., Kiryukhina N.A., Velichina semyan i rost odnoletnikh teplichnykh seyantsev eli (Size of seeds and growth of one year-old saplings of spruce in a greenhouse), In: Vyrashchivanie i formirovanie vysokoproduktivnykh nasazhdenii v yuzhnoi podzone taigi (Nursing and growing of highly productive plantations in sothern taiga) Leningrad: Izd-vo LenNIILKh, 1984, pp. 16-21 (167 p.). Khokhrin A.V., Dissimetricheskaya izmenchivost' i stereobiologiya sosny obyknovennoi (Dissymetric variability and stereobiology of Scots pine), Ekologiya , 1981, No. 3, pp. 58-65. Khramova O.Y., Reproduktivnaya sposobnost' i perspektivy khozyaistvennogo ispol'zovaniya sosny kedrovoi sibirskoi (Pinus sibirica Du Tour.) pri introduktsii v Povolzh'e: na primere Nizhegorodskoi oblasti. Avtoref. diss. kand. s.-kh. nauk (Reproductive abilities and perspectives of economic use of the Siberian Pine ( Pinus sibirica Du Tour.) introduced to Volga Region (case study in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast). Extended abstract of candidate's agric. sci. thesis), Moscow: MGUL, 2009, 22 p. Koba V.P., Ruguzov I.A., Molchanov E.F., Izmenchivost' chisla semyadolei u vskhodov sosny krymskoi (Variability of seminal leafs number of sprouts of Crimean pine), Lesovedenie , 1996, No. 6, pp. 67-70. 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Romanovskii M.G., Khromova L.V., Sovmestimost' tkanei v embriogeneze sosny (Compatibility of tissues in embryogenesis of pine ), Lesovedenie , 2013, No. 2, pp. 53-63. Romanovskii M.G., Morozov G.P., Etalonnye kharakteristiki dvukh form sosny obyknovennoi po napolnennosti shishek semenami (Reference features of fullness of seed cones of two forms of Scots pine), Lesovedenie , 1992, No. 3, pp. 86-89. Romanovskii M.G., Shchekalev R.V., Sistema vida u lesnykh rastenii (Forest plant species variation system), Moscow: Tovarishchestvo nauchnykh izdanii KMK, 2014. Shutyaev A.M., Izmenchivost' chisla semyadolei u vskhodov sosny i eli (Variability of seminal leaf number of pine and spruce sprouts), Lesovedenie , 1979, No. 3, pp. 56-62. Sorensen F.C., Franklin J.F., Influence of year of cone collection on seed weight and cotyledon number in Abies procera , Silvae Genetica , 1977, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 41-43. Tolstopyatenko A.I., Kolichestvo semyadolei v svyazi s razmerom i tsvetom semyan sosny obyknovennoi (Number of seminal leafs is linked to size and color of seeds of Scots pine), In: Vosstanovlenie lesa na Severo-Zapade RSFSR (Reforestation in northwestern RSFSR) Leningrad: Izd-vo LenNIILKh, 1978, pp. 149-150 (153 p.). Tolstopyatenko A.I., Polimorfizm sosny i eli po chislu semyadolei v svyazi s izomeriei shishek (Polymorphism of pine and spruce by number of seminal leaves of pine and spruce linked to isomery of cones), Lesovedenie , 1991, No. 4, pp. 71-79. Tretyakova I.N., Barsukova A.V., Somaticheskii embriogenez listvennits i kedra sibirskogo v Sibiri (Somatic embryogenesis of larch and Siberian pine in Siberia), Lesovedenie , 2012, No. 6, pp. 63-70. Zasada J.C., Embryo growth in Alaskan white spruce seeds, Canadian Journal of Forest Research , 1988, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 64-67.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.112 | 0.213 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it