In situ LA-ICP-MS of sulfide minerals in VMS deposits throughout the Bathurst Mining Camp, New Brunswick, Canada: volatile trace-element contents and distribution with implications for their syngenetic to polyphase metamorphic history
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The world-class massive sulfide deposits of Zn-Pb-Cu-Ag-Au type in the Bathurst Mining Camp, Eastern Canada are hosted within Middle Ordo-vician bimodal volcanic and sedimentary sequences. They have undergone complex polyphase deformation and associated regional greenschist and locally blueschist facies metamorphism during closure of the Tetagouche-Exploits back-arc basin in the Late Ordovician to Early Silurian (Salinic Orogeny) and again during the Late Silurian Acadian Orogeny. The mineralogy of massive sulfides consists of five minerals (pyrite, sphalerite, galena, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite) that comprise 95% of the mineralization, with minor amounts of arsenopyrite, marcasite, and sulfosalts. In situ LA-ICP-MS analyses of the volatile trace-element suite (As, Cd, Hg, In, Sb, Tl, etc.) of the major sulfide minerals in some of the deposits in the BMC offer a lower detection limits than other micro-analytical methods. Data from the representative massive sulfide deposits of the BMC show that in addition to arsenopyrite, As is also concentrated in some pyrite porphyroclasts, galena, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite. Cadmium is enriched in galena and sphalerite. The most dominant carrier of Hg is sphalerite, followed by pyrite. Indium is enriched mostly in sphalerite and chalcopyrite. Antimony abundances are more variable, but it typically occurs in pyrite, and to a lesser degree in galena. Also, arsenopyrite ex-hibits a high content of Sb likely because of substitution of Sb and As in solid solutions. Thallium shows variable distribution, but it is mostly en-riched in pyrite. Abundances of volatile elements in Bathurst Mining Camp show that the contents of these elements varies in the various types of VMS depos-its, which reflect the different conditions of massive sulfides formation, such as differences in the temperature of deposition, metal sources, and geochemical characters of the ore-bearing solutions and host rocks. Because of the primary variation of volatile trace elements in these sulfide facies, they can be used in enhancing our interpretation of the ore-forming environment, as well as potentially be used as a trace-element vec-toring tool (volatile element halos dispersions) in the exploration for massive sulfide deposits.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".