Lessons for the fragility of Canadian hydropower components under seismic loading
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents results from a seismic vulnerability analysis of the components of hydropower systems in Canada. A number of dams and their associated components (hydropower plants, switchyards, transmission towers, and supplementary equipment) at selected locations in western and eastern Canada were analyzed in the study. The seismic vulnerability for a given hydropower component was estimated by combining the probabilities of various levels of the seismic hazard at the component location, with the damage probabilities of the component corresponding to the seismic hazard levels considered. In this study, the seismic hazard was represented by the peak ground acceleration of the seismic motions. The calculation of the seismic hazard was based on the latest seismic hazard model developed by Geological Survey of Canada. The damage potential for the hydropower components was represented by fragility curves. The seismic vulnerability for each component was expressed by the damage probability as a function of peak ground acceleration. The results from this study show that the most vulnerable components of a hydropower system are the switchyards and the power plants.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".