Anterior cruciate ligament transection of rabbits alters composition, structure and biomechanics of articular cartilage and chondrocyte deformation 2 weeks post-surgery in a site-specific manner
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury often leads to post-traumatic osteoarthritis (OA) and articular cartilage degradation, changing biomechanics of the tissue and chondrocytes, and altering the fixed charged density (FCD) and collagen network. However, changes in these properties are not known at a very early time point after ACL rupture, but recognizing early changes might be crucial for successful intervention. We investigated the effects of ACL transection (ACLT) in rabbits on the site-specific biomechanical properties of articular cartilage and chondrocytes, FCD content and collagen network organization, two weeks post-surgery. Unilateral ACLT was performed in eight rabbits, and femoral condyles, tibial plateaus, femoral grooves and patellae were harvested from experimental and contralateral knee joints. An intact control group was used as a reference. We analyzed chondrocyte morphology under pre- and static loading, cartilage biomechanical properties, FCD content and collagen fibril orientation. ACLT caused FCD loss in the lateral and medial femoral condyle, lateral tibial plateau, femoral groove and patellar cartilage (p < 0.05). Minor changes in the collagen orientation occurred in the femoral groove and lateral and medial femoral condyle cartilage (p < 0.05). Cartilage stiffness was reduced in the lateral and medial femoral condyles, and chondrocyte biomechanics was altered in the lateral femoral condyle and patellar cartilage (p < 0.05). We observed loss of FCD from articular cartilage two weeks after ACLT at several joint locations. These changes may have led to decreased cartilage stiffness and altered cell deformation behavior, especially in the femoral condyles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".