Miniaturized-Element Frequency Selective Surface Metamaterials: A Solution to Enhance Radiation of RFICs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this article, a technique to improve the radiation characteristics of an active CMOS circuit is presented. A miniaturized-element frequency selective surface (MEFSS) cover is utilized on top of the chip to provide gain enhancement, which is essential for many applications such as radar and communication systems. This is important due to the restrictions on the thickness of metallic layers, losses in substrate, and limitations in real estate. The MEFSS cover consists of partially reflecting surface (PRS) and high-impedance surface (HIS) creating a Fabry-Pérot-type cavity (FPC). When the MEFSS structure is used, the height of FPC can be reduced without causing any deterioration to the antenna radiation. A proximity patch antenna is embedded in the HIS layer, which is fed by a small metallic trace on the last layer of chip using the coupling mechanism. By utilizing the transverse-equivalent network (TEN) of the structure and imposing the resonance condition, the geometrical parameters of the MEFSS unit cell is calculated. For demonstration purposes, a scaled MEFSS cover for gain enhancement at the center frequency of 10 GHz is designed, fabricated, and tested. The measured results, which are in agreement with simulations, show that the proposed technique is reliable in practice and gain enhancement of 9 dB can be achieved for a single-patch antenna.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".