Sulfate-induced changes in rheological properties of fibre-reinforced cemented paste backfill
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cemented paste backfill (CPB), a soft concrete-like material, is extensively used in underground mines worldwide for ground support and/or mine waste disposal. One of the most important ingredients in CPB is cement but it is expensive and can amount to 75% of the cost of the CPB. Therefore, CPB reinforced with fibres has been proposed and introduced in backfill operations to reduce the overall cement usage and cost, as well as improve the mechanical performance of CPB. However, the rheological properties of fibre-reinforced CPB and the factors that affect them are not well understood. The objective of this study is to therefore evaluate the effect of sulfate, which is commonly found in CPB, on the yield stress and viscosity of fibre-reinforced CPB through a series of experiments. The results show that the yield stress decreases with an increase in the initial sulfate content, while the viscosity increases as the sulfate content is increased. The sulfate ions significantly affect the amount and type of cement hydration products that form in the backfill matrix as well as the zeta potential of the fibre-reinforced CPB. The presented findings will contribute to improve the design and optimisation of backfill transport systems.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it