La descentralización tributaria en España: avances significativos, retos pendientes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
La autonomia tributaria es parte esencial del proceso de descentralizacion. Sin ella se diluye la responsabilidad politica y se producen severas ineficiencias en el proceso de eleccion del nivel del gasto publico y de la correspondiente carga tributaria. Las estimaciones de la OCDE sobre el grado de descentralizacion tributaria efectiva situan a Espana a la cabeza de la Union Europea, aunque por detras de Canada, Suiza, EE.UU. y Australia. Sin embargo, quedan cuestiones y retos pendientes, que deberian abordarse en la futura revision del sistema de financiacion autonomica: la posibilidad de un tramo autonomico en algunos impuestos indirectos, la modificacion del sistema de retenciones en el IRPF y de los pagos a cuenta a las comunidades autonomas, el establecimiento de un suelo en los impuestos sobre la riqueza, la implementacion de nuevas figuras en la tributacion ambiental o la participacion de las regiones en la gestion de los tributos
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".