Pressure Drop of Liquid-Liquid Taylor Flow in Mini-Scale Coiled and Curved Tubing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This paper presents an experimental study on pressure drop using non-boiling liquid-liquid Taylor flow in mini scale coiled and curved tubing. Experiments were carried out to measure the pressure drop characteristics by varying the numbers of turns in coiled tubes and the lengths of curved tubes of less than one turn, such that Dean number, Reynolds number, radius of curvature, and coil pitch were considered. A set of narrow coiled tubes (ID = 1.59 mm, 1.27 mm, 1.016 mm) was used as test sections with different radii of curvature and overall lengths, and thus a different quantity of turns. Water and 1 cSt low viscosity silicone oil were used to create a segmented slug flow. An asymptotic model is developed based on the experimental results and previous models to predict the pressure drop, based on Dean number and dimensionless slug length. The effects of varying tube curvature and tube diameter are also studied. The results provide new insights into the effect of coiling and secondary flow on pressure drop for a liquid-liquid Taylor flow in mini scale systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".