System optimal relaxation and Benders decomposition algorithm for the large-sized road network design problem
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Given a set of candidate road projects with associated costs, finding the best subset with respect to a limited budget is known as the discrete network design problem (DNDP). The DNDP is often characterised as a bilevel programming problem which is known to be NP-hard. Despite a plethora of research, due to the combinatorial complexity, the literature addressing this problem for large-sized networks is scarce. To this end, we first transform the bilevel problem into a single-level problem by relaxing it to a system-optimal traffic flow. As such, the problem turns to be a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. Secondly, we develop an efficient Benders decomposition algorithm to solve the ensuing MINLP problem. The proposed methodology is applied to three examples, a pedagogical network, Sioux Falls and a real-size network representing the City of Winnipeg, Canada. Numerical tests on the network of Winnipeg at various budget levels demonstrate promising results.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it