Juries, Miscarriages of Justice and the Bill C-75 Reforms
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gerald Stanley's use of five peremptory challenges to exclude all visiblyIndigenous people from the jury that acquitted him of murder and manslaughter in the killing of a 22-year-old Cree man, Colten Boushie, was not the only flaw in jury selection that requires reform.This article suggests that the R v Stanley case is part of a long line of miscarriages of justice involving Indigenous people with no Indigenous representation on the jury.It argues that Bill C-75, enacted in 2019, was justified in abolishing peremptory challenges and that this reform does not violate the Charter.Unfortunately, however, Bill C-75 pursued only superficial reforms with respect to juror qualifications, and challenges for cause, and failed to provide for substantive equality challenges to panels of prospective jurors.Comprehensive jury reform is still necessary, including provincial reforms with respect to jury lists, local juries and volunteer jurors.Thought should also be given to reviving and adapting mixed juries that would require equal numbers of Indigenous people and non-Indigenous people in cases involving Indigenous people.LA REVUE DU BARREAU CANADIEN [Vol.98 316 sur l'galit relle concernant les groupes de jurs potentiels.Une rforme approfondie des jurys demeure de mise, y compris l'chelle provinciale s'agissant des listes de jurs, des jurys locaux et des jurs bnvoles.Il faudrait en outre rflchir remettre en vigueur et adapter des jurys mixtes dans lesquels une parit de membres autochtones et non autochtones serait requise dans des affaires impliquant des Autochtones.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it