Violence in Hispanic Families in the United States: Incidence Rates and Structural Interpretations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter provides a more accurate national estimate of the incidence of violence among Hispanic families. The Conflict Tactics Scales was used to measure the incidence of parent-to-child and marital violence. Several demographic measures were included in the analysis, because of their association with both ethnicity and family violence. The incidence rates of parent-to-child and marital violence were calculated by ethnicity and the other demographic variables using cross-tabulation and chi-square tests of significance. The demographic differences are discussed here because they point to the possibility that the higher rate of family violence among Hispanics may be spuriously confounded with these demographic characteristics. In the United States, about one-quarter of all murders are of other members of the same family. The most widely used data on crime in the United States are the "crimes known to the police" given in an annual FBI publication, Crime in the United States.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".