Competencia judicial internacional en acciones de consumidores contra compañías aéreas. Comentario a los autos del Juzgado de lo Mercantil de Madrid de 25/9/2018, 4/10/2018, 9/10/2018, 18/10/2018 y a la sentencia de la Audiencia Provincial de Girona de 27/9/2018 = International judicial competence in consumer actions against air companies. Commentary to the authors of the Court of Commercial of Madrid of 25/9/2018, 4/10/2018, 9/10/2018, 18/10/2018 and the judgment of the Provincial Hearing of Girona on 27/9/2018
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Resumen: La regulación respecto los derechos de los pasajeros en el transporte aéreo tiene por objeto que aquellos consumidores se vean completamente resarcidos por los perjuicios que pudieran sufrir en el desarrollo de su vuelo, y que el pasajero pueda hacer valer sus derechos frente al transportista u operador aéreo en caso de cancelación, denegación de embarque o retraso significativo del vuelo. Este derecho de compensación plantea cuestiones relevantes de competencia judicial internacional, a la hora de determinar los tribunales ante los que el pasajero debe acudir para ejercitar de forma efectiva su derecho. En un sector como el de transporte aéreo de pasajeros es habitual la inclusión de cláusulas de elección de tribunales dentro de las condiciones y términos del transporte impuestas por el operador y cuya eficacia habrá de evaluarse a la luz del Derecho internacional privado.Palabras clave: transporte aéreo internacional, pasajeros, Convenio de Montreal, competencia judicial internacional, Derecho aplicable.Abstract: The regulation regarding passenger passenger rights in air transport aims to ensure that consumers are fully compensated for the damages they may suffer in the development of their flight, and that the passenger can assert their rights against the carrier or operator air in case of cancellation, denied boarding or significant flight delay. This right of compensation raises relevant issues of international judicial competence when determining the courts before which the passenger must go to effectively exercise their right. In a sector such as passenger air transport, it is usual to include clauses for the selection of courts within the conditions and terms of transport imposed by the operator and whose effectiveness will have to be evaluated in the light of private international private law.Keywords: international air transport, passengers, Montreal Convention, international jurisdiction, applicable law.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.023 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.012 | 0.015 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.023 | 0.015 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".