Correlation Between Diabetic Cognitive Impairment and Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients With T2DM by 1H-MRS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: To explore the correlation between diabetic cognitive impairment(DCI) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) through examining the cognitive function and the metabolism of the cerebrum in T2DM by 1H-MRS. Methods: 53 patients with T2DM were enrolled for this study. According to the fundus examination, the patients were divided into DR group (n=26) and T2DM without DR group (T2DM group, n=27). 30 healthy adults were selected as a control group (HC group, n=30). The cognitive function was measured by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The peak areas of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), Cho-line (Cho), Creatine (Cr) and Myo-inositol (mI), and their ratios were detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). The difference analysis between the three groups was performed by one-way ANOVA. When p0.05). Conclusion: DCI is closely correlated with the DR in patients with T2DM. The hippocampal brain metabolism may have some changes in two sides of NAA in patients with DR, 1H-MRS may provide effective imaging strategies and methods to early diagnosis brain damage and quantitative assessment cognitive function in T2DM.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".